fabric

1. fabric

Fabric is a Python (2.5-2.7) library and command-line tool for streamlining the use of SSH for application deployment or systems administration tasks.

1.1 安装方法

yum install python-devel -y
pip install fabric

2. Example

创建fabfile文件fab.py

from fabric.api import run

def os_version():
    run('uname -r')

fabric默认使用文件名称为fabfile.py

fab -l

Fatal error: Couldn't find any fabfiles!

Remember that -f can be used to specify fabfile path, and use -h for help.

Aborting.

mv fab.py fabfile.py
fab -l
Available commands:

    os_version

fab tools

fab -H root@localhost os_version
 Executing task 'os_version'
 run: uname -r
 out: 3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64
 out:


Done.
Disconnecting from localhost... done.
# -H 指定host
# fab -H user@hostname command

可以自己传要执行哪些命令吗? fabfile2.py

from fabric.api import run


def command(cmd):
    run(cmd)

fab -f fabfile2.py -l
Available commands:

    command

fab -f fabfile2.py -H root@localhost command:pwd
 Executing task 'command'
 run: pwd
 out: /root
 out:


Done.
Disconnecting from localhost... done.

3. roles&hosts

3.1 HOSTS

fabfile.py

from fabric.api import run, env, roles, hosts


@hosts('root@192.168.0.96')
def host_type():
    run('uname -s')

fab -l
Available commands:

    host_type

fab host_type
[root@192.168.0.96] Executing task 'host_type'
[root@192.168.0.96] run: uname -s
[root@192.168.0.96] out: Linux
[root@192.168.0.96] out:


Done.
Disconnecting from 192.168.0.96... done.

3.2 ROLE

fabfile.py

from fabric.api import run, env, roles, hosts

env.roledefs = {
    'selfdefine':[
        'root@192.168.0.96'
    ]
}


@roles('selfdefine')
def host_type():
    run('uname -r')

fab -l
Available commands:

    host_type

fab host_type
[root@192.168.0.96] Executing task 'host_type'
[root@192.168.0.96] run: uname -r
[root@192.168.0.96] out: 3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64
[root@192.168.0.96] out:


Done.
Disconnecting from 192.168.0.96... done.

4. local

在远程机器上执行命令，主要用到的函数run，如果涉及到本地命令，可使用local fabfile.py

from fabric.api import local


def localhost_type():
    local('uname -r')

fab -l
Available commands:

    localhost_type

fab localhost_type
[localhost] local: uname -r
3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64

Done.

5. 看下常用的函数

from fabric.colors import red, green

fabric.contrib.files.exists

with cd('/path/to/app'):

with prefix('workon myvenv'):

fabric.operations.get
# 下载文件
# http://docs.fabfile.org/en/latest/api/core/operations.html

fabric.operations.put

6. 实战一下

来看一个需求：写一个部署程序，流程是先把本地代码文件打成tar包，然后批量上传到多台服务器上解压缩并执行。

fabric官网：

• http://docs.fabfile.org/en/latest/tutorial.html
• http://fabric-chs.readthedocs.org/zh_CN/chs/

ansible使用，自学即可：

• http://www.the5fire.com/ansible-guide-cn.html 入门指南
• http://www.the5fire.com/explore-the-ansible.html 执行原理

7. 作业

1. 写一个fabfile实现可批量在任意多台已配置ssh key的机器上完成ipython的安装，要求检测是否已经安装，如果没有则安装。